Fauna of kulan (Equus hemionus Pallas, 1775) parasites in the State National Natural Park “Altyn-Emel”

Abstract:

The article presents the data of studies of kulan parasites in Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Kazakhstan and the state national natural park “Altyn-Emel”. 50 species of parasites have been registered in kulans, including 3 species of protozoa: Eimeria hemionus, E. pinaevae, Sarcocystis hemioni, 2 species of cestodes: Anoplocephala magna, A. perfoliate and 45 species of nematodes: Setaria equina, Oxyuris equi, Parascaris equorum, Alfortia edentates, Delofondia vulgaris, Dictyocaulus arnfieldi, Trichostrongylus axei, Habronema microstoma, Probstmayria vivipara, Parafilaria sp., Triodontophorus brevicauda, Triodontophorus serratus, Triodontophorus tenuicollis, Triodontophorus minor, Triodontophorus nipponicus, Poteriosomum impatidentatum, Poteriosomum ratzii, Craterostomum acuticaudatum, Cylicocyclus brevicapsulatus, Cylicocyclus radiatus, Cylicocyclus elondatus, Cylicocyclus insigne, Cylicocyclus leptostomus, Cylicocyclus nassatum, Cylicocyclus iriramosus, Cylicodontophorus bicoronatum, Cylicodontophorus euproctus, Cylicodontophorus mettami, Gyalocephalus capitatus, Cyathostomum tetracanthus, Cyathostomum pateratum, Strongylus equines, Cylicostephanus calicatum, Cylicostephanus minutum, Cylicostephanus hybridus, Cylicostephanus longibursatum, Cylicostephanus triramosus, Cylicostephanus goldi, Cylicotetrapedon bidentatus, Cylicotetrapedon asymetricus, Coronocyclus coronatum, Coronocyclus labiatum, Coronocyclus labratum, Petrovinema poculatum, Strongyloides westeri. , 16 species of parasites were identified in Kazakh kulans, including 3 species of protozoa: Eimeria hemionus, E. pinaevae, Sarcocystis hemioni, 2 species of cestodes: Anoplocephala magna, A. perfoliate and 11 species of nematodes: Setaria equina, Oxyuris equi, Parascaris equorum, Alfortia edentates, Delofondia vulgaris, Triodontophorus brevicauda, Triodontophorus serratus, Triodontophorus tenuicollis, Triodontophorus minor, Strongylus equines, Petrovinema poculatum, Strongyloides westeri., , , .

. The kulans of Turkmenistan have 9 types of nematodes: Delafondia vulgaris, Triodontophorus serratus, Cylicocyclus elondatus, Cylicocyclus insigne, Cylicocyclus nassatum, Cyathostomum tetracanthus, Cylicostephanus calicatum, Cylicostephanus minutum, Coronocyclus coronatum. In the state National Park, the kulans were found to have parasitization of 4 species of nematodes: Parascaris equorum, Alfortia edentates, Strongylus equines, Cylicostephanus longibursatum. .

Key words: Equus hemionus, eimeria, cestoda, nematode.

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Introduction:

Kulan is a category II animal whose number is rapidly decreasing in international terms.

In the 18th-19th centuries, it was widely distributed in Kazakhstan and Central Asian steppes, in desert regions, and was found in thousands. It disappeared in our country at the beginning of the 20th century. In 1953, Turkmen camels were introduced to Baraskelmes Island (Aral Sea) from Turmenia, Badhyz Nature Reserve. They planted new land and began to grow. Since 1956, colts have increased well on the island of Barsakelmes, and in 1982 their number reached 280. In the same year, 32 colts were brought to "Altynemel" State National Nature Park. There, they quickly took root, sprouted and grew, and their number grew year by year. 667 in 2003, 768 in 2004, 1118 in 2005, 1589 in 2007, and 1763 in 2008. Also, in 1986-1987 and in 2007, 85 bears were sent to Andgusai nature reserve (Zhambyl region), and in 1991, 35 bears were sent to Aktai-Bozachy nature reserve (Mangistau region). In 2004, it was found that there are about 100-120 bears on the Bozachy Peninsula. In 2006, 250-300 kulans were counted near East Aral. In general, the total number of foxes in Kazakhstan in 2007 was about two thousand.